A Study on Energy Efficient Communication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) having less cost, less power, small in size and multifunctional sensor node. Routing protocols in WSNs highlight on limited battery power, limited transmission range as well as processing and storage capabilities. The most important thing of a routing protocol, in order to be efficient for WSNs, is the energy consumption and the extension of the network's life time. Routing protocols in WSNs are also application specific which will led to the development of a verity of protocols. Based on the underlying network structure, routing protocols can be classified into three categories:data-centric, hierarchical and location based routing.WSN has design trade-off between energy and communication over-head which is backbone of the routing technique, Further Cluster Head Routing (CHR) uses clustering, which include partitioning stage and then choosing stage, namely partitions the multi-hop network and then chooses cluster-heads: cluster-head is responsible for receiving, sending and maintaining information in its cluster.Then all cluster forming a rapid spanning tree to prolong network lifetime, save energy and shorten path.